转基因抗虫核不育杂交棉川杂棉36

<正>川杂棉36(区试代号SCH26)是四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所以转基因抗虫核不育系GA18为母本,新品系R206为父本,采用核不育"一系两用法"选育的F1核不育杂交种,于2008-2009年参加并通过四川省区试,2011年通过四川省生产试验,2013年获转基因生物安全证书,证书编号:农基安证字(2013)第086号。2014年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编     

Optimal dietary methionine requirement of juvenile Chinese sucker,Myxocyprinus asiaticus

A total of 630 juvenile Chinese sucker, with an average initial weight of 1.72 ± 0.05 g, were fed seven diets for 56 days to study the effect of dietary methionine levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition and haematological parameters on juvenile Chinese sucker. Diet 1 using fish meal as the sole protein source and diets 2–7 using fish meal and fermented soybean meal as intact protein sources supplemented with crystalline amino acids contained six levels of l ‐methionine ranging from 6.4 to 18.9 g kg^?1 of dry diet at a constant dietary cystine level of 3.7 g kg^?1. Each diet was randomly assigned to three aquaria. Results indicated that the highest weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value occurred at 13.9 g methionine kg^?1 diet among the methionine supplemented dietary groups, beyond which they showed declining tendency. The whole body and muscle protein contents of juvenile Chinese sucker were positively correlated with dietary methionine level, while muscle lipid content was negatively correlated with it. The total essential amino acids content of muscle was increased significantly with increasing dietary methionine level from 6.4 to 13.9 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficients of dietary protein were significantly affected by dietary treatments. Serum protein, cholesterol and triacylglycerol increased with increasing dietary methionine levels, but showed a relatively lower value for fish fed the 18.9 g methionine kg^?1 diet. Quadratic regression analysis of SGR against dietary methionine level indicated that optimal dietary methionine requirement for juvenile Chinese sucker was 14.1 g kg^?1 of the diet in the presence of 3.7 g kg^?1 cystine (corresponding to 32.0 g kg^?1 of dietary protein on a dry‐weight basis).     

Molecular cloning and expression of kidney‐type glutaminase from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its up‐regulation by glutamine in primary culture enterocyte

Glutaminase (GLS) is the key enzyme of glutamine (Gln) metabolism and utilization. In this study, a cDNA encoding GLS protein was identified from common carp Cyprinus carpio intestine. The open reading frame of GLS cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 595 amino acids, which shows a high similarity with its zebrafish Danio rerio counterpart. Bioinformatic analysis showed the protein belongs to kidney‐type GLS. The putative protein has glutaminase domain and ankyrin repeats domain, which are highly conserved among vertebrate orthologues. Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the abundance of GLS mRNA was the highest in the white muscle, followed by the brain, eyeball and pituitary. Glutaminase was ubiquitously expressed in all intestinal segments of common carp. The activity of GLS did not distribute uniformly along the entire length of the intestine. In primary culture enterocyte, and the expression of GLS mRNA is up‐regulated quickly and effectively by Gln.     

Dietary methionine requirement of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) at a constant dietary cystine level

A 9‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the dietary methionine requirement of juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala at a constant dietary cystine level. Six semipurified diets were formulated to contain graded dietary methionine levels from 3.9 to 15.4 g kg^?1 in about 2.5 g kg^?1 increments in the presence of 2.2 g kg^?1 cystine. Results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) significantly increased with increasing dietary methionine levels from 3.9 to 12.4 g kg^?1 and thereafter kept stable. Maximum protein productive value (PPV), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) and liver weight were observed in 8.5 g methionine kg^?1 diet. Protein contents in whole fish body were positively correlated with dietary methionine level, while lipid contents were negatively correlated with it. Morphological index and hepatic glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities were independent of dietary methionine levels. However, dietary methionine supplementation significantly improved haematological parameters, plasma methionine and total essential amino acid contents and hepatic glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activities. Analysis of dose response using broken‐line regression on the basis of SGR and PPV versus dietary methionine level estimated the optimum dietary methionine requirements of juvenile M. amblycephala to be between 8.5 and 8.4 g kg^?1 of diet (25.0 and 24.7 g kg^?1 of protein) in the presence of 2.2 g kg^?1 cystine, respectively. Hence, the corresponding total sulphur amino acids requirements of this species were calculated to be 10.7 and 10.6 g kg^?1 of diet (31.5 and 31.2 g kg^?1 of dietary protein).     

Inducing synchronous ovarian maturation in the crayfish,Procambarus clarkii,via eyestalk interventional injection as compared with eyestalk ablation and combined injection of serotonin and domperidone

We examined the feasibility of inducing synchronous ovarian maturation in the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, via eyestalk interventional injection (EI) using a Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) gelatin containing tranexamic acid (TRA), domperidone (DOM) or serotonin (5‐HT). In total, 360 females were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups and a control group. The average survival rate (SR%) and average synchronous ovarian maturation rate (SMR%) in survivors in the EI groups, EI‐TRA, EI‐DOM, EI‐5HT were compared with bilateral eyestalk ablation (BEA), unilateral eyestalk ablation (UEA), abdominal injection (AI) of DOM (0.5 mg crayfish^?1) alone (AI‐DOM) or combined with 5‐HT (0.5 mg crayfish^?1) (AI‐DOM+5‐HT). The experiment covered a prolonged period of 32 days until two ovigerous females were observed in BEA. EI‐DOM achieved a SMR (66.67 ± 9.62%) higher than the control (22.05 ± 3.06%) (P < 0.05), but lower than BEA (88.89 ± 11.11%), UEA (63.33 ± 18.56) and AI‐DOM+5‐HT (59.26 ± 10.14%) (P > 0.05). EI‐DOM also achieved a higher SR (53.33 ± 3.85%) than BEA (15.56 ± 2.22), UEA (24.44 ± 5.88) (P < 0.05) and AI‐DOM+5HT (51.11 ± 4.44) (P > 0.05). However, EI‐TRA (SR = 28.89 ± 4.44, SMR = 37.78 ± 2.22) and EI‐5‐HT (SR = 15.56 ±4.44, SMR = 22.22 ± 11.11) failed to induce significantly higher SMR than the control. These findings suggest that EI methods, such as EI‐DOM, may have positive characteristics for the development of inexpensive and less labour‐intensive techniques for induction of ovarian maturation in decapods.     

不同药剂和不同施药方法防治农田灰巴蜗牛效果评价

一些蜗牛常栖息在高大植株上活动为害, 为探索其有效防治方法, 分别在玉米田及美国红枫( Acer rubrum L . )园选用5种杀软体动物剂进行喷雾法(在玉米田仅对植株喷雾、在美国红枫园对树体和地面喷雾)和撒粒法的防效对比试验。重复测量方差分析结果表明：26%四聚?杀螺胺悬浮剂1.125 L/hm2、45%三苯基乙酸锡可湿性粉剂1.125 kg/hm2、70%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂0.75 kg/hm2、40%四聚乙醛悬浮剂1.125 L/hm2喷雾防治灰巴蜗牛( Bradybaena ravida )的效果均显著高于6%四聚乙醛颗粒剂7.5 kg/hm2地面撒粒的防效。不同药剂不同施用方法的防治效果随用药后时间的增加而降低。用药后第3天, 4种喷雾处理在美国红枫上的防效均在90%左右, 在玉米上的防效在80%左右。当蜗牛在高大的植株上栖息为害时, 可用上述药剂按750 L/hm2的药液用量对植株均匀喷雾, 必要时同时进行地面喷雾防效更佳。     

白僵菌可湿性粉剂的研制

以白僵菌孢子粉为原药,硅藻土为主要载体,通过单因素和正交设计筛选合适的润湿剂、分散剂等助剂配方比例,研制出性能优良的白僵菌可湿性粉剂。确定配方为：白僵菌分生孢子粉20%; NNO7%; 农乳32082%; 拉开粉5%; 十二烷基硫酸钠2%; 硅藻土加齐至100%。质量检测结果表明：该配方润湿时间<1min,悬浮率可达到75%以上,其他各项指标均符合可湿性粉剂的要求。     

The limits of the binary power law describing spatial variability for incidence data

Taylor's power law (TPL), an empirical law relating the observed variance to mean density (or abundance), has found wide applicability for characterizing heterogeneity in many disciplines. However, when the density variable has an upper bound, the TPL does not hold and the binary power law (BPL) needs to be used instead. The BPL has been shown to describe the heterogeneity of numerous plant disease epidemic systems. In this study, a generic stochastic simulator was used to study the extent to which the BPL can satisfactorily describe incidence data. Results showed that the symmetrical BPL does hold whenever there is a positive correlation among neighbours on the probability of a plant becoming infected, or where disease development is not influenced by the neighbours. These results held for a wide range of neighbourhood sizes, strengths of neighbourhood influence, and size of the sampling quadrats. However, the symmetrical BPL did not hold when there is a negative influence among neighbours. The more general asymmetrical BPL (ABPL) fitted the data with positive or negative neighbourhood influence, but because a negative neighbourhood effect is generally unlikely for plant epidemics, the symmetrical BPL is preferred over the ABPL because of its parsimony. The magnitude of the estimated BPL parameters increased with increasing neighbourhood influence and sampling‐quadrat size. However, except when the power parameter equals 1, inferring specific underlying mechanisms generating the data or comparing BPL estimates from different studies is difficult, because of the large effect of sampling on the BPL parameter estimates.